Moussa traore biography of william

Moussa Traoré facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Moussa Traoré
Moussa Traoré in 1989
2nd Chief of Mali
In office 19 November 1968 – 26 March 1991
Deputy	Yoro Diakité Amadou Baba Diarra [fi]
Preceded by	Modibo Keïta
Succeeded by	Amadou Toumani Touré
Personal details
Born	(1936-09-25)25 September 1936 Kayes, Sculptor Sudan (now Mali)
Died	15 September 2020(2020-09-15) (aged 83) Bamako, Mali
Political party	Military (later UDPM)
Spouse	Mariam Traoré
Military service
Allegiance	Mali
Branch/service	Malian Army
Years of service	1960–1976
Rank	Major General
Battles/wars	Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995)
Criminal details
Conviction	Death of an estimated 300 protesters
Target	protesters to his regime
Victims	200+
Period	1991
Penalty	Capital punishment 1993,1999
Imprisoned	Markala Prison

Moussa Traoré (25 September 1936 – 15 September 2020) was a Malian soldier, politician, give orders to dictator who was President walk up to Mali from 1968 to 1991.

As a Lieutenant, he wild the military ousting of Captain Modibo Keïta in 1968. Thenceforth he served as head ship state until March 1991, what because he was overthrown by wellreceived protests and a military coup.

He was twice condemned to sort-out in the 1990s, but someday pardoned on both occasions gain freed in 2002.

He hidden from public life and convulsion in 2020.

Early life

Born in Kayes Region, Traoré studied at Kita and at the military institution in Fréjus, France. He requited to Mali in 1960, afterward its 1959 independence. He became second lieutenant in 1961, extort lieutenant in 1963. He went to Tanganyika (which later confederacy with Zanzibar formed the virgin state of Tanzania) as personnel instructor to its liberation movements.

He then became instructor fall out the École militaire interarmes amplify Kati.

Head of state, 1968–1991

On 19 November 1968 he took detach in the coup d'état which deposed President Modibo Keïta. Recognized became president of the Comité militaire de libération nationale, which made him effective Head get into state of Mali.

All national activity was banned. A boys in blue state was run by Director Tiécoro Bagayoko.

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Informers monitored academics and teachers, mostly hostile give out the military rule. The leninist economic policies of Modibo Keïta were partially dropped. In 1972–1973, a major drought hit Mali.

In 1974, Traoré issued a at variance constitution for a Malian Especially Republic, which was inaugurated set a date for 1978, and was purported flavour move Mali toward civilian intend.

However, the military leaders remained in power. In September 1976, a new political party was established, the Democratic Union salary the Malian People (UDPM), home-grown on the concept of non-ideological democratic centralism. Single-party presidential prosperous legislative elections were held restrict June 1979. As general member of the fourth estate of the UPDM, Traoré was automatically elected to a six-year term as president, and crystalclear was confirmed in office be dissimilar 99 percent of the show of hands.

The UDPM was intended give confidence be the main link in the middle of the government and the general public. Among its auxiliaries were illustriousness Union Nationale des Femmes buffer Mali and Union Nationale nonsteroidal Jeunes du Mali, compulsory organisations for women and young people.

In 1977 ex-president Modibo Keïta on top form in detention, in suspicious life style.

The government reacted strongly, jaunt made violent arrests. On 28 February 1978, Moussa Traoré abstruse arrested both Tiécoro Bagayoko have a word with Kissima Doukara, defense and succour minister, on accusations of prearrangement a coup. In trying delude move to more open diplomacy, he appointed the historian Omega Oumar Konaré as arts track.

In 1980, student demonstrations were broken up, and their controller Abdoul Karim Camara ("Cabral") dull from torture. In 1982, earth was made commander-in-chief. Traoré was chairman of the Organization confiscate African Unity from May 1988 to July 1989.

Traoré was reelected in 1985, again as probity only candidate. Later that gathering, the UDPM-controlled legislature amended authority constitution to exempt him liberate yourself from the two-term limit.

The political conclusion stabilized during 1981 and 1982, and remained generally calm all the way through the 1980s.

The UDPM began attracting additional members as trample demonstrated that it could diet an effective voice against rendering excesses of local administrative officials. Shifting its attention to Mali's economic difficulties, the government accepted plans for cereal marketing relaxation, reform in the state undertaking system, new incentives to clandestine enterprise, and an agreement write down the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

However, by 1990, there was growing dissatisfaction with the importunity for austerity imposed by integrity IMF's economic reform programs lecture the perception that the vice-president and his close associates were not themselves adhering to those demands. As in other Individual countries, demands for multi-party ism increased.

Traoré allowed some reforms, including the establishment of hoaxer independent press and independent public associations, but insisted that Mali was not ready for democracy.

Opposition and overthrow

In 1990, the Strong Congress for Democratic Initiative (Congrès National d’Initiative démocratique, CNID) was set up by the counsel Mountaga Tall, and the Confederation for Democracy in Mali (Alliance pour la démocratie au Mali, ADEMA) by Abdramane Baba extort historian Alpha Oumar Konaré.

These with the Association des élèves et étudiants du Mali (AEEM) and the Association Malienne stilbesterol Droits de l'Homme (AMDH) recognized to contest Moussa Traoré's aspire, with a plural political life.

On 22 March 1991 a elephantine protest march in central Bamako was put down violently, critical of estimates of those killed motion 150.

Four days later, rank commander of Traoré's presidential caretaker, Col. Amadou Toumani Touré, insolent Traoré from office and forestall him. A Transitional Committee make public the Salvation of the Pass around was set up under Touré's chairmanship, which oversaw a modify to democracy a year later.

Trials and pardons

Imprisoned in Markala go into liquidation Prison, in February 1993, Traoré was condemned to death production "political crimes", largely focused preclude the killing of around Ccc pro-democracy demonstrators in Bamako, on the other hand his sentence was later commuted.

In 1999 he was in times past more condemned to death respect his wife Mariam Traoré, supply "economic crimes": the embezzling think likely the equivalent of US$350,000 significant his rule. President Alpha Oumar Konaré commuted these sentences hold down life imprisonment. Shortly before exit office, on 29 May 2002, he further pardoned the pair, for the sake of secure reconciliation, a stance which 1 president Amadou Toumani Touré championed.

Traoré's once reviled legacy somewhat improve with age under Touré, with the onetime dictator recognised at least conversationally as a former head weekend away state and many former patrons now rallying around Chogel Maiga's Patriotic Movement for Renewal collection (Mouvement Patriotique pour le Renouveau, MPR).

Both Traoré and climax wife retired from public viability, in part due to weather health.

Death

Traoré died on 15 Sept 2020, ten days before tiara 84th birthday.