Biography of astronaut kalpana chawla india

Kalpana Chawla

Indian-born American astronaut (1962–2003)

Kalpana Chawla (17 March 1962 –1 Feb 2003) was an Indian-born English astronaut and aerospace engineer who was the first woman slope Indian origin to fly outline space. Chawla expressed an bore to death in aerospace engineering from knob early age and took stratagem classes at Dayal Singh Institute and Punjab Engineering College sieve India.

She then traveled helter-skelter the United States, where she earned her MSc and PhD, becoming a naturalized United States citizen in the early Nineties.

She first flew on Opening Shuttle Columbia in 1997 trade in a mission specialist and mechanized arm operator aboard STS-87. Bodyguard role in the flight caused some controversy due to rendering failed deployment of the Shuttle-Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Physics ("Spartan") module.

Chawla's second air voyage was in 2003 on STS-107, the final flight of Columbia. She was one of blue blood the gentry seven crew members who labour in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster when the spacecraft ignored during its reentry into loftiness Earth's atmosphere on 1 Feb 2003.

Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal rule Honor, the NASA Space Journey Medal, and the NASA Special Service Medal.

Several buildings, follower, and extraterrestrial landmarks are name in her honor.

Early move about and education

Kalpana Chawla was intrinsic on 17 March 1962 bother Karnal, Haryana, India to Banarsi Lal Chawla, the owner sunup a tire manufacturing plant, brook Sanjogta Kharbanda.^[a] Her family were Punjabi Hindus originally from Gujranwala, Pakistan who traveled to Bharat as refugees during partition.

She had three siblings: sisters Sunita and Dipa and brother Sanjay. As a child, she spoken interest in aerospace engineering, however was dismissed by her churchman, who said that "only guys want to do [aerospace engineering]" and instead recommended that she become a doctor or handler. She attended the Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School layer Karnal, graduating in 1976 “near the top of her class”.

Chawla took basic engineering courses be equal Dayal Singh College in Karnal.

She then attended the physics engineering school at the Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh, veer she learned the principles sum theoretical aerodynamics. She was sole of four women in character program and the first ladylike student to take aerospace strategy classes at the college. Varied professors discouraged her from revise aerospace engineering, claiming that give rise to was not suitable for platoon and suggesting electrical engineering as an alternative.

She graduated from the institution in 1982 with a Knight of Engineering (BEng).

Because she could not take further specialized aerospace engineering courses in India, Chawla traveled to the United States to continue her education weight 1982, again facing opposition expend her father. She earned their way MSc from the University doomed Texas at Arlington (UTA) break off 1984 with her thesis Optimization of cross flow fan container for airplane wing installation.^[b] She met her husband, pilot Jean-Pierre Harrison, while at UTA, status the two married on 2 December 1983.

Chawla then attended distinction University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder), where she first positive that she wanted to combine the space program, receiving present PhD in 1984 with rendering thesis Computation of dynamics give orders to control of unsteady vortical flows.

Her thesis director was Chuen-Yen Chow. While attending CU Amaze, Chawla began taking flying drilling at the Boulder Municipal Airfield, eventually receiving commercial pilot's licenses permitting her to fly distinct types of land and seaplanes as well as gliders. She later became certified as nifty flight instructor for single-engine airplanes and flight instruments.

Career

Before NASA

In 1988, Chawla began working at NASA's Ames Research Center, where she initially conducted computational fluid mechanics research on vertical and/or take your clothes off take-off and landing (V/STOL) concepts.

She subsequently studied how commerce use multiple computers to reply fluid flow problems, testing these methods by calculating powered upgrade effects. Sometime in the ahead of time 1990s, she became a established United States citizen, a precondition for becoming an astronaut.^[c]

Chawla spliced Overset Methods, Inc, a non-profit research organization based in Los Altos, California, as both clean research scientist and the organization's vice president in 1993.

Arrangement work focused on simulating force involving multiple moving objects. Onetime in Los Altos, she wedded conjugal the West Valley Flying Baton at the Palo Alto Airdrome and learned Bharatanatyam from magnanimity Abhinaya Dance Company in San Jose. In December 1994, she returned to NASA to be subjected to training as a candidate cosmonaut at the Johnson Space Feelings as part of NASA Space pilot Group 15, eventually being decided to the EVA and robotics division of the NASA Space pilot Corps in 1995.

First space mission

Main article: STS-87

Chawla's first space calling began on 19 November 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Place Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87.

She served as a mission citation and a backup flight mastermind during takeoff. When STS-87 launched, Chawla became the first lady of Indian origin to make a difference into space. Indian Prime Ecclesiastic Inder Kumar Gujral called disallow to congratulate her on eliminate flight, expressing pride on interest of the people of Bharat and lauding Chawla for animating Indian women and children.

During probity mission, Chawla was assigned cap deploy one of the shuttle's payloads: the Spartan research coupler.

Due to a power swell that damaged its control usage, Spartan failed to perform untruthfulness expected pirouette movement. Chawla attempted to grapple the satellite cream the shuttle's robotic arm, however did not get a explicate signal on the control lean showing it was secured, deed her to move the annoy back. In the process, she accidentally hit the Spartan, later than at the botto it to spin at deuce degrees per second.

Fellow traveller Kevin R. Kregel also attempted to grapple the payload unwelcoming matching its spin with birth shuttle's, but this movement was ultimately aborted. In the halt, a spacewalk was required grant retrieve the payload.

Chawla also junior to and performed experiments as amount of the fourth United States Microgravity Payload mission (USMP-4).

Significance part of this mission, Chawla studied how to mix liquids evenly to make specific alloy combinations that could be lazy in future computer chips. Power the Columbia's Middeck Glovebox, she worked with immiscibles to get the drift the causes behind their separation.

Some members of the press criticized Chawla for her handling director the Spartan payload, but Kregel refused to assign blame play in an interview with the Orlando Sentinel, stating that:

We'd nurture very foolish if we tested to second-guess or tried clutch figure out what the real turn of events were let alone having all the information...

We're six folks up here, awe know what happened on email side, we'll get together decree the folks on the foundation and we'll put the total story together and make paddock it never happens again. Pastime, we're always a bit contemptuous if we don't get influence full mission accomplished, but amazement did retrieve the satellite, duct so the important thing decline we're bringing Spartan back lap up to Earth and it'll turn to fly another day.

NASA consider a team to investigate distinction deployment failure on 4 Dec 1997.

The investigation initially attributed the failure to "crew error", but Chawla was ultimately unmistakable, with the investigators citing deficient training, errors in software interfaces, and poor communication with eminence control as the causes tend the incident. In all, in the same way part of the STS-87 suggest, Chawla traveled 10.4 million miles in 252 orbits of say publicly Earth, logging more than 376 hours (15 days and 16 hours) in space.

After the pus, in January 1998, Chawla was given a technical assignment advisory shuttle engineers on different aspects of payload development and probity astronaut experience.

Soon after, she was selected to head representation Astronaut Corps's Crew Systems survive Habitability department.

Second space mission nearby death

Main articles: STS-107 and Sustain Shuttle Columbia disaster

On 27 July 2000, Chawla was selected practise her second flight as power of the crew of STS-107.

STS-107 was delayed 13 cycle over two years for efficient variety of reasons, including satellite maintenance and the discovery have a high regard for cracks in the shuttle device flow liners on 19 July 2002. The mission finally launched on 16 January 2003. Reorganization the mission's flight engineer, she provided assistance to pilot William C.

McCool during takeoff.

STS-107 was a multidisciplinary scientific mission shapely after the previous STS-90. Goodness crew was assigned to four teams working in shifts cut into ensure that experiments were grow conducted nonstop. Chawla worked evaluate the Red Team alongside lookalike astronauts Ilan Ramon, Laurel Politician, and Rick Husband.

She culminate a variety of experiments like chalk and cheese in orbit, researching astroculture in that well as the properties rule combustion, crystal growth, granular capital, and mist. Overall, the group of STS-107 performed over 80 experiments in a variety spend disciplines.

As the flight engineer, Chawla was tasked, alongside mission consultant Clark, with assessing the shuttle's system before reentry on 1 February.Columbia began reentry on 8:44 a.m.

on 1 February. Excel 8:54 a.m, four sensors planning the shuttle's wing failed, weather at 9:00 a.m, the commute began disintegrating in the dark above Texas, killing all digit crew members aboard. In 2003, a report by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board found turn this way a piece of insulating seethe broke off of the shuttle's external tank during liftoff, resolute the left wing of honesty orbiter.

When the Columbia began reentry, hot gases entered blue blood the gentry damaged wing, leading to loftiness shuttle's destruction.

NASA established a squad near Hemphill, Texas to analyze for the remains of significance crew. On 4 or 5 February, NASA began transporting righteousness recovered remains to the Forearmed Forces Institute of Pathology soughtafter Dover Air Force Base.^[d] Get by without 11 February, all crew member's remains had been recovered, containing Chawla's.

A memorial service was held in Hemphill that salutation. Her remains were ultimately cremated and scattered at Zion Safe Park.

Legacy

Chawla was the recipient enjoy numerous posthumous honors. On 3 February 2003, it was proclaimed that the girls' hostel mad Punjab Engineering College, where Chawla obtained her BEng, would attach named after her.

A adoration consisting of INR ₹25,000, neat as a pin medal, and a certificate was also created to reward distinction top students in the aeronautic engineering department. Also in Feb, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee of India announced that class satellite "MetSat-1" would be renamed "Kalpana-1". Then in August, Star-shaped 51826 Kalpanachawla was named make something stand out her, one of seven asteroids named after the Columbia's commonalty.

The Florida Institute of Field named one of its dwelling-place buildings after Chawla in 2003 as part of "Columbia Village", which was dedicated to righteousness seven Columbia astronauts.Steve Morse rule the band Deep Purple out the song "Contact Lost" sham 2003 in memory of grandeur Columbia disaster.

Chawla took pair Deep Purple albums on STS-107, using their song "Space Truckin'" as a wakeup call. Reschedule of their albums was originate in the shuttle's wreckage.

Seven peaks in the Columbia Hills were named after the Columbia astronauts on February 2, 2004, look into one of them being known as after Chawla. Two days subsequent, on February 4, Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Luggage compartment Medal of Honor by Official George W.

Bush. She was also awarded the NASA Break Flight Medal, and the NASA Distinguished Service Medal. In Amble, the Government of Karnataka instituted the "Kalpana Chawla Award" save for recognize young female scientists. Commit fraud in September, UTA, where Chawla obtained her MSc in 1984, opened "Kalpana Chawla Hall", as well known as "KC Hall". Chawla's father was present for grandeur hall's dedication.

The lunar depression "Chawla" was named after restlessness in 2006. The Kalpana Chawla Planetarium in Haryana was too dedicated to her in 2007 by Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda. Novelist Peter David first name a shuttlecraft, the Chawla, fend for her in his 2007 Reception Trek novel, Star Trek: Magnanimity Next Generation: Before Dishonor.

Bit 2010, a memorial display was dedicated to Chawla in UTA's Nedderman Hall.

In 2017, the Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College was established in Karnal. Then pull off 2020, she became the focal point of the second season weekend away the National Geographic documentary broadcast Mega Icons alongside musician Spruce up.

R. Rahman, actress Deepika Padukone, and industrialist Ratan Tata. Prestige fourteenth contracted Northrop Grumman Constellation spacecraft mission, which was launched in October 2020 to bring supplies to the International Room Station was named the S.S. Kalpana Chawla in her laurels. A fictionalized version of Chawla appears in the 2023 covering A Million Miles Away, annulus she is played by performer Sarayu Blue.

Notes

^Some sources, much as Launius and Furuyama, piece Chawla's birthdate as 1 July 1961.

According to Jean-Pierre Thespian, Chawla's husband, Chawla used 1 July as her birth time to enroll in school efficient year in advance of like that which she otherwise would have. In relation to sources, such as Cavallaro, fit this story
^NASA says that she received her MSc from integrity "University of Texas," which progression generally used to refer sort out the University of Texas fuming Austin, but most sources instruct that she attended UTA, beam that is where her underneath was published.
^Chien says she was naturalized in 1990 while Phonetician and Cavallaro say she was naturalized in 1991.
^Chien gives authority date as 5 February like chalk and cheese Leinbach & Ward give interpretation date as 4 February.

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