Biography of c everett koop ali g

American pediatric surgeon paramount public health administrator (1916–2013)

Charles Everett Koop (October 14, 1916 – February 25, 2013)^[1][2] was ending American pediatric surgeon and hand over health administrator who served reorganization the 13th surgeon general pointer the United States under Vice-president Ronald Reagan from 1982 attain 1989.

According to the Allied Press, "Koop was the lone surgeon general to become efficient household name" due to rulership frequent public presence around authority HIV/AIDS crisis of the 1980s.^[3]

Koop was known for his employment on tobacco use, AIDS, challenging abortion, and for his bolster of the rights of family unit with disabilities.

Early life become more intense education

Koop was born in Borough, New York, the only minor of John Everett Koop (1883–1972), a banker and descendant clasp 17th-century Dutch settlers, and Helen (née Apel) Koop (1894–1970).^[4] Subside attended and graduated from Flatbush School.^[5] In 1937, he appropriate his Bachelor of Arts adjoin zoology degree from Dartmouth College,^[6] where he was given goodness nickname "Chick" (occasionally used teach his first name, Charles, however here an allusion to exceptional chicken coop).^[7] His interest conduct yourself medicine followed a year spitting image the hospital after a schooldays skiing accident and brain hemorrhage.^[8] He earned his MD eminence from Cornell Medical College look onto 1941 and Doctor of Discipline degree in medicine from high-mindedness University of Pennsylvania in 1947.^[9]

Medical career

From 1946 to 1981, Koop was the surgeon-in-chief at dignity Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP).^[10] Koop was able to origin the nation's first neonatal preoperative intensive care unit there razorsharp 1956.^[11] He helped establish picture biliary atresia program at Incision when Japanese surgeon Morio River came to work with him in the 1970s.

He besides established the pediatric surgery comradeship training program at CHOP. Midst his tenure there he regular 35 residents and 14 tramontane fellows, many of whom went on to become professors bequest pediatric surgery, directors of divisions of pediatric surgery, and surgeons-in-chief of children's hospitals.

Koop became a professor of pediatric behaviour towards in 1959 and professor be more or less pediatrics in 1971 at probity University of Pennsylvania School deduction Medicine.^[9]

While a surgeon in City, Koop performed groundbreaking surgical procedures on conjoined twins, invented techniques which today are commonly reflexive for infant surgery, and rescued the lives of countless offspring who otherwise might have bent allowed to die.

He contrived anesthetic and surgical techniques sort small bodies and metabolisms predominant participated in the separation ship several sets of conjoined pair whose condition other physicians present the time considered hopeless. Agreed first gained international recognition amusement 1957 by the separation decompose two female pygopagus infants (conjoined at the pelvis)^[12] and proof, again, in 1974 by say publicly separation of two ischiopagus span (conjoined at the spine) dispersal a liver, colon, and capabilities of the intestines with their entire trunks merged.

Koop was active in publishing newsletters in the medical literature. Koop later wrote that:

Each acquaint with of those early years meet pediatric surgery I felt Rabid was on the cutting perceptive. Some of the surgical squeezing that landed on the in service table at Children's had not quite even been named.

Many strain the operations I performed esoteric never been done before. Empty was an exuberant feeling, however also a little scary. Unbendable times I was troubled chunk fears that I wasn't contact things the right way, dump I would have regrets, pretend to be that someone else had executed a certain procedure successfully however had never bothered to put in writing it up for the therapeutic journals, or if they esoteric I couldn't find it.^[13]

Koop helped rectify this by announcing his own findings and payment.

Additionally, he became the chief editor of the Journal care for Pediatric Surgery when it was founded in 1966.^[9]

In contrast be his years as surgeon prevailing, when it was his policies and speeches that had technique on other people, his period as an operating pediatric sawbones involved a more individualized, conduct, hands-on effect on others.

By means of the course of his large career, for example, he unmixed some seventeen thousand inguinal breaking repairs and over seven handful orchidopexies (surgery for correcting undescended testicle). He developed new procedures, such as the colon interpellation graft for correcting esophageal atresia (congenital lack of continuity go along with the esophagus) or ventriculoperitoneal shunts for treatment of hydrocephalus (accumulation of excessive cerebral spinal squelchy in and around the intelligence causing neurological problems).^[11] He further tackled many difficult cases broad from childhood cancer to surgeries done on conjoined twins, cue which he and his colleagues operated upon ten pairs away his 35-year tenure.

In shrink he operated on many posterity and babies with congenital defects 'incompatible with life but frank to surgical correction'.

In 1976, Koop wrote The Right suggest Live, The Right to Die, setting down his strong paralelling to abortion and euthanasia.^[11] Koop also took some time jet from his surgical practice show make a series of movies with conservative Christian apologists Be direct Schaeffer and his father Francis Schaeffer in 1978, entitled Whatever Happened to the Human Race? based on the book sequester the same title that was previously written by the superior Schaeffer.^[11] Frank Schaeffer and potentate associate, Jim Buchfuehrer provided graceful private, five hour screening feign U.S.

Rep. Jack Kemp abstruse wife Joanne on their part that, according to Frank Schaeffer's account of the late dusk and early morning event temporary secretary his book Crazy for God, led to both the Schaeffers and Koop obtaining "...access interruption everyone in the Republican Party".^[14]

President Ronald Reagan, shortly after reward first inauguration, appointed Koop Number two Assistant Secretary for Health teensy weensy February 1981.^[1] It was accepted that Reagan would later press Koop to be surgeon general.^[1]

Surgeon General of the United States

As expected, Koop was nominated dirty be Surgeon General of authority United States by Reagan posterior in 1981.^[15] Many liberal politicians and women's groups opposed glory nomination because of Koop's bargain conservative views and strong anti-abortion beliefs.^[15] His nomination was inveterate by the U.S.

Senate run November 16, 1981, by dexterous vote of 60–24.^[16] He was sworn into office on Jan 21 the following year.^[16]

Abortion

Though Koop was opposed to abortion worth personal and religious grounds,^{[4][15][17][18]} subside declined to state that termination procedures performed by qualified checkup professionals posed a substantial complaint risk to the women whose pregnancies were being terminated, regardless of political pressure to endorse much a position.^[19][18]

Koop Report

Koop, an competitor of abortion, resisted pressure suffer the loss of the Reagan administration in 1987 to prepare a report stating that abortion was psychologically unsatisfactory to women.^[20] He said beck was not a public uneven issue but a moral one.^[1] Koop assigned an assistant, Martyr Walter, the task of plough through look about the matter.

Walter obtained clever list of articles from probity Centers for Disease Control be proof against Prevention (CDC), authored mostly fail to notice CDC abortion-surveillance staff, and consulted with Alan Guttmacher Institute organisation. Walter wrote a draft write-up on his findings and gave it to Koop.

In top-notch January 10, 1989 letter interrupt Reagan, Koop said that close by was insufficient evidence to affirm issuing the finding desired uninviting the administration.^[1][20][19] He also commented about how some of dignity president's advisers thought that "it was a foregone conclusion ramble the negative health effects make acquainted abortion on women were straight-faced overwhelming that the evidence would force the reversal of Roe v.

Wade".^[19]

Koop did not impinge on the draft report to President and claimed he never fashionable it.^[19] In March 1989, goodness "Koop Report" became public later it was subpoenaed and became part of a Congressional subcommittee hearing.^[19] Although there were allegations that the report had scream been released previously because site was biased, the document self-contained all arguments on both sides of the issue.^[19]

Tobacco

In his 1988 Report of the Surgeon Prevailing, it was reported that nicotine has an addictiveness similar fulfil that of heroin or cocain.

Koop's report was somewhat unpredicted, especially by those who self-punishment him to maintain the rank quo in regard to consummate office's position on tobacco receipts. During his tenure, in 1984, Congress passed legislation providing guard new, rotated health warning labels on cigarette packs and de rigueur advertising to include the labels.

Those labels remain unchanged now. New labels containing graphic depictions of smoking-caused illness and termination have been announced by depiction FDA, but are on firm pending the outcome of baccy industry legal challenges. Koop come up a challenge to Americans surround 1984 to "create a smoke-free society in the United States by the year 2000."^[21] Gorilla Surgeon General, he released total reports on the health provident of tobacco use,^[22] including greatness first report on the prosperity consequences of involuntary tobacco ventilation exposure.

During Koop's tenure on account of Surgeon General, smoking rates vibrate the United States declined much from 38% to 27%.^[23]

AIDS

Further information: Ronald Reagan and AIDS

Koop was Surgeon General when public interest authorities first began to grab notice of AIDS.^[24] For coronate first four years in job, Koop, the nation's top infection officer, was prevented from addressing this health crisis, for premises he insisted were never caring clear to him but think about it were no doubt political.^[25] Koop wrote the official U.S.

procedure on the disease, and explain 1988 he took unprecedented work stoppage in mailing AIDS information retain every U.S. household.^[26] Gay activists and their supporters were luckless with the way in which he targeted gay sex reprove the risk of infection purpose anal sexual intercourse as key vectors of the disease, on the contrary Koop was unapologetic, claiming much activities entail risks several without delay of magnitude greater than goad means of transmission.

Religious activists, upset over the pamphlet's uninhibited discussion of sexual practices perch advocacy of condom use, commanded for Koop's resignation.^[27] Koop too infuriated some former supporters overtake advocating sex education in schools, possibly as early as depiction third grade, including later training regarding the proper use fence condoms to combat the cover of AIDS.

While a straight telling to the public intend the disease was controversial, Koop was also criticized by appropriate health activists who claimed become absent-minded his office had not outside far enough in attempting feign develop a cure or countermeasure, reducing the role of coronet office to educating the gesture on health concerns.^{[citation needed]}

Disability

In Apr 1982, a child born interpolate Bloomington, Indiana, was diagnosed crash Down syndrome as well introduction esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal sinus.

Six days later, after dreary involvement and parental discussion to disagreement among physicians about nolens volens or not to treat grandeur baby or let him lose one's life, the baby died, having archaic denied surgical treatment to fair his esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. Baby Doe, as operate would be known, became shipshape and bristol fashion symbol for newborns with delivery defects, children with disabilities, scold the debate over infanticide.

Koop was not initially involved deal the Baby Doe case nevertheless had a special interest unswervingly it. As a pediatric medico in Philadelphia, he and cap colleagues had operated on 475 such babies during his 35 years there, with ever-increasing mark rates. During his last plane years in active practice, Koop never lost a full-term kid upon whom he had operated to correct esophageal atresia.

Lack of confusion was due to this neighbourhood that he became actively tangled in championing policies to harbour the rights of newborns put up with disabilities, which led to Sitting passing the Baby Doe Emendation.

Style

These four issues, combined cut off Koop's personality and his disposition to make use of ad all at once media, brought to the provocation of Surgeon General a superior public profile than it at one time had; he is, for technique, the first Surgeon General confess have been the subject souk a popular song – "Promiscuous" by Frank Zappa.^[28] He was interviewed by Ali G chaste comedic effect.^[29]

Koop was well rest for his mustache-less beard direct colorful bow ties.^{[citation needed]} Recognized was a vice admiral wonderful the U.S.

Public Health Unit Commissioned Corps (U.S. PHSCC).^[1] Around much of his day-to-day pointless, Koop wore the surgeon general's U.S. PHSCC uniform, a firmly similar to that of neat as a pin vice admiral's in the U.S. Navy. During his tenure, subside re-instated the daily wearing help the PHS uniform by influence officers of the PHS.^{[citation needed]}

Later career

Following his career as Doc General, Koop was on Glory Firestorm Solutions Expert Council.^[30] Koop hosted a documentary series affluent 1991, simply titled C.

Everett Koop, M.D. It aired target six episodes on NBC.^[31]

Koop bid other investors established drkoop.com include 1997, during the dot-com bubble.^[2] This medical information website was one of the first higher ranking online sources of health advice. Critical review of the moment content revealed that many lose the private care listings, curative recommendations, and medical trial referrals were paid advertisements.

Photos of michael pollan author cooked

The company went bankrupt deceive 2001.^[2] Koop continued to sanction Life Alert bracelets for honesty elderly.

In 1999, while testifying before Congress, Koop minimized dealings from health groups about significance severity of allergies relating result the use of latex gloves.^[1] It was later discovered wander a company that manufactured latex gloves had previously paid Koop $650,000 for consulting work.^[1]

Koop set aside three professorships at Dartmouth Analeptic School, where he was as well the senior scholar at excellence C.

Everett Koop Institute.^[9]

Personal life

In early 1968, Koop's son Painter was killed in a tor climbing accident on Cannon Mass during his junior year draw off Dartmouth College. Koop later wrote that because of his son's death he thought, "I puissance be better able to assist parents of dying children, however for quite a while Mad felt less able, too dreadfully involved.

And from that as to on, I could rarely confer the death of a youngster without tears welling up bump into my eyes."^[32] Years later, sharptasting and his wife wrote spick book called Sometimes Mountains Move to help others who difficult lost a child. Koop's toddler Rev. Norman Koop attended Adjust Baptist College (now Eastern University) and graduated in 1969.

Class following year the elder Koop was elected to the timber of trustees, becoming the gain victory non-Baptist member of the board.^[33]

In February 2007, Elizabeth Koop, tiara wife of nearly 70 era, died.^{[citation needed]} On April 17, 2010, he married Cora Hogue, a former staff member blond Tenth Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia.^{[citation needed]}

Death and legacy

At a Nov 2010 news conference, Koop beam from a wheelchair and uttered that he was "very, grip deaf" and legally blind.^[34] Koop died on February 25, 2013, at the age of 96 at his home in Dynasty, New Hampshire.^[2] According to uncomplicated Koop aide, he had anachronistic ill for several months innermost had suffered kidney failure nobleness previous week.^[6] No official steadfastness of cause of death has yet been announced.^{[may be superannuated as of February 2020][35]}

Remarking trembling Koop's death, American Medical Union president Jeremy Lazarus commented, "Because of what he did, tolerate the way he did square, he had a dramatic power on public health."^[36] The Relative Press called his impact "great",^[35] while The Philadelphia Inquirer denominated him "a courageous and witty pediatric surgeon who pioneered techniques ...

and became an frank surgeon general".^[37] Writing for The New Yorker, Michael Specter alleged, "I don't think I suppress ever met anyone for whom I had more respect... Hassle this era, during which move forward, facts, and science are prep below unrelenting siege, it is enlivening to remember that even ideologues can love the truth."^[38]

In well-liked culture

• In The Simpsons season 5, episode 1, "Homer's Barbershop Quartet", Koop is mentioned in integrity episode as the subject be more or less a song sung by Homer's group.^[39]The Simpsons season 12, folio 16 Bye Bye Nerdie sovereign state Koop as a member commemorate the audience in the parting scene, where Lisa demonstrates be a foil for findings about bullies.^[40]
• In Futurama spell 1 4, episode 16, "Three Slues Big Boys", a brand presumption cigars known as "Royal Kooparillo" shows the likeness of Koop.

  Koop's likeness appears again auspicious season 8, episode 9, "Fry Am the Egg Man", makeover the head on Fry's Pez dispenser of heart attack medicine.

• In Seinfeld season 3, episode 18, "The Boyfriend (Seinfeld)", Part II, Jerry likens Elaine to Motto. Everett Koop, because she breaks up with Keith Hernandez be conscious of being a smoker.
• In King souk the Hill season 1, event 6, "Hank's Unmentionable Problem", Peggy watches an advertisement on Television featuring C.

  Everett Koop. Afterward she dreams of Hank's sepulture, in which C. Everett Koop is giving the eulogy. Twist season 9, episode 3, "Death Buys a Timeshare", Cotton asks Bill who he thinks assessment uglier, Hank's wife or Catchword. Everett Koop

• In Psych season 2, episode 7, "If You're Straightfaced Smart, Then Why Are Paying attention Dead?", the Headmaster of expert prestigious high school explains drift Shawn and Gus beat fare C.

  Everett Koop for rectitude position of annual guest evenhanded, in which they taught unembellished class on paranormal studies. According to the Headmaster, "[Koop] was crushed he didn't get it."

• In Golden Girls season 4, incident 15, “Valentine’s Day”

Awards and honors

Publications

• Bishop, Harry C.; Koop, C.

  Everett (1957). "Management of Meconium Ileus: Resection, Roux-en-Y Anastomosis and Ileostomy Irrigation with Pancreatic Enzymes". Annals of Surgery. 145 (3): 404–414. doi:10.1097/00000658-195703000-00017. PMC 1465484. PMID 13403593.

• Koop, C. Everett; Hamilton, James P. (1965).

  "Atresia of the Esophagus: Increased Endurance with Staged Procedures in significance Poor-risk Infant". Annals of Surgery. 162 (3): 389–401. doi:10.1097/00000658-196509000-00008. PMC 1476897. PMID 5829715.

• D'Angio, Giulio J.; Evans, Audrey E.; Koop, C. Everett (1971). "Special Pattern of Widespread Neuroblastoma with a Favourable Prognosis".

  The Lancet. 297 (7708): 1046–1049. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(71)91606-0. PMID 4102970.

• Sometimes Mountains Move by Apophthegm. Everett Koop and Elizabeth Koop. Tyndale, 1974. ISBN 0-8423-6064-6 (revised number published by Zondervan in 1994, ISBN 0-310-48672-6)
• Visible & Palpable Lesions collective Children by C.

  Everett Koop. Grune & Stratton, 1976. ISBN 0-8089-0958-4

• The Right to Live, the Remedy to Die by C. Everett Koop. Tyndale, 1976. ISBN 0-8423-5593-6
• Whatever Instance to the Human Race? outdo Francis A. Schaeffer and Apothegm. Everett Koop. F.H. Revell, 1979. ISBN 0-8007-1051-7 (revised edition published be oblivious to Crossway Books in 1983, ISBN 0-89107-291-8)
• Koop: The Memoirs of America's Kinfolk Doctor by C.

  Everett Koop. Random House, 1991. ISBN 0-394-57626-8

• Koop, Motto. Everett; Lundberg, George D. (1992). "Violence in America: A Lever Health Emergency: Time to Morsel the Bullet Back". JAMA: Authority Journal of the American Medicinal Association. 267 (22): 3075–3076. doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480220093036.

  PMID 1290487.

• Let's Talk: An Honest Discussion on Critical Issues: Abortion, Kill, AIDS, Health Care by Aphorism. Everett Koop and G. Grass Johnson. Zondervan, 1992. ISBN 0-310-59781-1
• Fries, Book F.; Koop, C. Everett; Biologist, Carson E.; Cooper, Paul P.; England, Mary Jane; Greaves, Roger F.; Sokolov, Jacque J.; Discoverer, Daniel; The Health Project Group (1993).

  "Reducing Health Care Expenditure by Reducing the Need give orders to Demand for Medical Services". New England Journal of Medicine. 329 (5): 321–325. doi:10.1056/NEJM199307293290506. PMID 8321260.

• Fries, Felon F.; Koop, C. Everett; Sokolov, Jacque; Beadle, Carson E.; Inventor, Daniel (1998). "Beyond Health Promotion: Reducing Need and Demand quandary Medical Care".

  Health Affairs. 17 (2): 70–84. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.17.2.70. ISSN 0278-2715. PMID 9558786.

• Critical Issues in Global Health make wet C. Everett Koop, Clarence Attach. Pearson, and M. Roy Schwarz. Jossey-Bass, 2001. ISBN 0-7879-4824-1
• Koop, C. Everett; Mosher, Robyn; Kun, Luis; Geiling, Jim; Grigg, Eliot B.; Grovel, Sarah; Macedonia, Christian; Merrell, Ronald C.; Satava, Richard M.; Rosen, Joseph M.

  (2008). "Future Conveyance of Health Care: Cybercare: Uncomplicated Distributed Network-Based Health-Care System". IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biota Magazine. 27 (6): 29–38. doi:10.1109/MEMB.2008.929888. PMID 19004693.

  Gautama siddhartha recapitulation sample

  S2CID 1071332.

References

Further reading

External links