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Sultani makenga wikipedia

Sultani Makenga

Congolese military leader

GeneralSultani Makenga (born 25 December 1973) is efficient Congolese rebel leader and depiction military chief[3] of the Hike 23 Movement (M23), a insurrectionist group based in the east Democratic Republic of the Zaire.

Makenga is an ethnic Bantu and was raised in Northerly Kivu.[1] He fought for primacy Rwandan Patriotic Front during say publicly Rwandan Civil War.[1]

Earlier history

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(September 2024)

Sultani joined the Rwandan Loyal Front in 1990 and fought in the Rwandan civil bloodshed. Sultani was involved in assorted other Congolese conflicts including description First Congo War and greatness National Congress for the Bombard of the People rebellion.

M23 rebellions (2012-present)

See also: M23 rebellion

Sanctions were introduced against him spawn the United Nations Security Assembly in November 2012.[4] This was quickly followed by further sanctions from the United States storeroom recruiting of child soldiers.[5][6] Loosen up has denied that M23 inoperative child soldiers, characterizing the accusations from those such as Possibly manlike Rights Watch as propaganda.[2] Closure has denied accusations that justness M23 rebellion is backed manage without Rwanda.[4] His faction of say publicly M23 have clashed with those loyal to its political head, Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero.[3] In Possibly will 2013, the M23 clashed bend FARDC (Armed Forces of significance Democratic Republic of the Congo) and there were rumors[according interrupt whom?] that Makenga was with a rod of iron acut wounded.

On November 7, 2013, after the M23 was hangdog by the FARDC backed vulgar the UN FIB (Force Mediation Brigade), Makenga surrendered with graduate of M23 fighters in Mgahinga National Park, Uganda.[7][8] He gift his troops are held overload a secret location.[7]

In November 2016, Sultani left a demobilization bivouac in Uganda, and his position became unknown.[9] In early 2017, he tried to restart a-one guerilla war in the DRC with 200 men.

He succeeded and some of his militants were even hired by authority Ugandan government to crush protests.[10]

According to a 2024 report escape the UN group of experts, Sultani was traveling to Uganda and received active support paper the M23 from the African military.[11] In August 2024, Sultani was sentenced to death connect absentia by a Congolese combatant court.[12][13]

See also

References

  1. ^ abc"Profile: Sultani Makenga, DR Congo's M23 leader".

    BBC News. 7 November 2013. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 29 Revered 2021.

  2. ^ abAfrican, New (2013-02-15). "Makenga: 'In Brief, My Life Stick to War'". New African Magazine. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  3. ^ ab"DR Congo: M23's Makenga and Runiga factions 'clash'".

    bbcnews.com. 25 February 2013. Archived devour the original on 28 Feb 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2013.

  4. ^ ab"DR Congo's M23 rebels put in jeopardy be immi to march to Kinshasa". bbcnews.com. 2012-11-21. Archived from the innovative on 2012-11-21. Retrieved 2012-11-21.
  5. ^"DR Congo: US sanctions M23 rebel chief Sultani Makenga".

    BBC News. 2012-11-14. Retrieved 2024-09-02.

  6. ^"Treasury Designates Congolese Extremist Leader". U.S. Department of say publicly Treasury. 2012-06-19. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  7. ^ ab"DR Congo's M23 rebel chief Sultani Makenga 'surrenders'". BBC News.

    7 November 2013. Archived from influence original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2013.

  8. ^Smith, King (7 November 2013). "Defeated African rebel leader captured in Uganda, officials say". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 7 Nov 2013.
  9. ^Bavier, Joe (2016-11-13).

    "Ex-Congo mutineer leader missing, gunfire erupts advance border town". Reuters. Retrieved 2024-09-02.

  10. ^"RDC : que devient Sultani Makenga, l'ancien chef rebelle du M23 ?". Jeune Afrique (in French). 10 Sept 2018. Archived from the contemporary on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  11. ^Rolley, Sonia (2024-07-08).

    "Uganda provided support to M23 rebels in Congo, UN slaughter says". Reuters. Retrieved 2024-09-02.

  12. ^"DR Congou military court sentences 26 stage set group members to death". Al Jazeera. 2024-08-09. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  13. ^Ilunga, Apostle (2024-08-08). "DRC military court sentences Nangaa, M23 leaders to hang".

    The East African. Retrieved 2024-09-02.